How to Plaster a Wall in a Developing World

Plastering is the process of coating a rough surface of ceiling or wall with minimum of 16mm thick layer of paste which is the mixture of cement, sand and water.
The following steps can make up process for plastering:
Materials
Inventory
Survey
Cutting and Filling
Smashing
Spreading
Setting
Ranging
Edging
Scrubbing
Smoothing
Foaming

Materials: Basic materials in plastering activity are 1.cement 2.plaster sand 3.water.
Plaster Sand in developing country like Nigeria is a fine, loose sand with a sticky property which make similar to clay. The cement and sand are mixed usually in the ratio 1:4 i.e. 1 part of cement to 4 part of plaster sand into a sticky paste with water.

Inventory: hand tools such as hand trowel, range, range, scrubbing board, foam, hammer, plum, angle iron, sand filter are some of the tools usually used for this building operation.
Survey: This is the preliminary activities of accessing the surface to be plastered to ascertain the geometric existing state and compare with ideal state. This will help estimate amount and the nature of the plastering work to be done. The process shall as well assist in estimating the cost of the operation.
Cutting and Filling: This is a preliminary stage, where the protruding surface has to be cut and recessed portion of the surface has to be filled, to achieve uniform level in the surface to be plastered. This shall help reduce cost and to achieve aesthetic effect.
Smashing: This is the process of affixing the paste of plaster on the surface of the wall with the aid of hand trowel.
Spreading: This process involves spreading the smashed paste of plaster to uniformly cover the surface of the wall.
Setting: This process involves waiting for the plaster paste for about between 30 to 40 minutes, depending on the gauge of cement used in the mixture, to solidify a bit.
Ranging: This involves the use of wooden or metal range rod to grade the surface being plastered to achieve uniform level. This can be complimented by the use of plum.
Edging: Another technical area to look at in plastering is getting perfect edges of wall, columns and beams. This very important to avoid visual intrusion and poor aesthetics of the structure. The use of simple tools such as range and angle iron can be helpful in this situation. This stage

Scrubbing: This process involves the use of water and wooden scrubbing board to re-soften the surface in preparation for smoothening of the surface.
Smoothing: This is the process of smoothening the plastered surface with the aid of hand trowel. In some cases dry powdered cement may be used on the surface in the process of smoothening. The surface is then left for between 20 to 30 minutes in preparation for foaming.
Foaming: This is the process of applying the smooth scrubbing effect of foam on the plastered surface, after it has been left to set a little bit. This closes up tiny cracks that may have been so formed on the surface and removes the hand trowel marks that also may have been so formed.